See pro- on Wiktionary
{
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"similar to"
],
"id": "en-pro--mul-prefix-CvzFUquB",
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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],
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}
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
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{
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"2": "la",
"3": "pro",
"4": "",
"5": "in favour of, on behalf of"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).",
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"_dis": "65 35",
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"_dis": "63 37",
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"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "61 39",
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"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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"_dis": "65 35",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "46 25 0 7 13 9 0",
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
56
]
],
"ref": "2017 August 29, Andrew Kaczynski, “Rep. Rohrabacher says ‘rendezvous’ being set up with Trump to relay info from WikiLeaks’ Assange on DNC hack”, in CNN:",
"text": "Rohrabacher, who is considered to be among the most pro-Russia members in Congress, met with Assange earlier this month and claims Assange told him that Russia was not involved in the hacking.",
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"ref": "2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 Apr 2023, Asia & Pacific:",
"text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
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],
"glosses": [
"agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:agreement",
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[
"agreeing",
"agreeing"
],
[
"supporting",
"supporting"
],
[
"favouring",
"favouring"
]
],
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"en:agreement"
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"morpheme"
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "პრო-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "yper-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "υπερ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "p'ro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "פְּרוֹ־"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pūaroha"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
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"_dis1": "97 3",
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"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
}
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],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-form"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-sentence"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-drop"
}
],
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"substituting for"
],
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[
"substituting",
"substituting"
]
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"senseid": [
"en:subsitution"
],
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"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
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"UK"
]
},
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"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
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"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
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"4": "",
"5": "forward direction, forward movement"
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],
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{
"text": "progress compared to regress"
}
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"forward movement"
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"tags": [
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{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
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}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ante-"
},
{
"word": "anti-"
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{
"word": "counter-"
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{
"word": "per-"
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{
"word": "post-"
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"4": "",
"5": "before"
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"name": "uder"
}
],
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{
"glosses": [
"earlier; prior"
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"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:earlier",
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[
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"earlier"
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[
"prior",
"prior"
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{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
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"source": "w"
}
],
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{
"word": "prepro-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precursor (molecule)"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:precursor",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"precursor",
"precursor"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) precursor (molecule)"
],
"senseid": [
"en:precursor"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
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{
"_dis1": "4 71 24 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "před-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 71 24 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "ur-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 71 24 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "przed-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 71 24 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pred-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "пред-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 71 24 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pered-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "перед-"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudimentary"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:simple",
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[
"rudimentary",
"rudimentary"
]
],
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"en:simple"
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{
"glosses": [
"in front of"
],
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[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:facing"
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"morpheme"
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],
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{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
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"args": {
"1": "cs",
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"expansion": "pro-",
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"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 46 54",
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
"through"
],
"id": "en-pro--cs-prefix-nGcl3Caa",
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[
"through",
"through"
]
],
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"morpheme"
]
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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{
"text": "pro- + pít (“to drink”) → propít (“to spend sth on drinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + bulet → probulet",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + podnikat → propodnikat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + večírkovat → provečírkovat",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms a perfective verb and makes the verb transitive, the direct object is related to money or time"
],
"id": "en-pro--cs-prefix-MUBvgfKv",
"links": [
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"money",
"money#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
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"_dis": "0 55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + zdravit → prozdravit se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + rvát → prorvat se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + kouřit → prokouřit se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + žvanit → prožvanit se",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"+ direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive"
],
"id": "en-pro--cs-prefix-kDYTmbXo",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#Czech"
],
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"se",
"se#Czech"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "pro- + imperfective base + se",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pro- + imperfective base + se) + direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[pro ]"
}
],
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}
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{
"args": {
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[
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"id": "en-pro--fr-prefix-auf4TMcZ",
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[
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"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-pro-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-pro-.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-pro-.wav.mp3",
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pro-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-. Synchronically served as the prefix counterpart to the preposition prō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pro-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "prōd-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "por-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ꝓ-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"abbreviation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "prō-"
},
"expansion": "prō-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + clīvus + -is → prōclīvis"
},
{
"text": "prōd- + eō → prōdeō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + gradior → prōgredior",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward direction, forward movement"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-iws05k3r",
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + flīgō + -ō → prōflīgō"
},
{
"text": "prō- + terō → prōterō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward direction, forward movement",
"downward and forward movement"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-9RJuZq-P",
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward#English"
],
[
"downward",
"downward#English"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + pugnō → prōpugnō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + tegō → prōtegō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"action directed forward or in front"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-HSm~kl9m",
"links": [
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"front",
"front#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + *mineō → prōmineō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + pendeō → prōpendeō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prominence"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-s1l0D1dZ",
"links": [
[
"prominence",
"prominence#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 2 24 10 0 1 5 1 0 1 1 2 1 16 20 1 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 2 25 10 0 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 18 20 1 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 27 11 0 1 5 1 0 0 0 1 1 22 23 1 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 5 33 35 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + clāmō → prōclāmō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + loquor → prōloquor",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in place of, on behalf of"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-r7h1g~Dc",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"behalf",
"behalf#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(prefixed to verbs of utterance) in place of, on behalf of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"prefixed to verbs of utterance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 2 24 10 0 1 5 1 0 1 1 2 1 16 20 1 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 2 25 10 0 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 18 20 1 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 27 11 0 1 5 1 0 0 0 1 1 22 23 1 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 5 33 35 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + creō → prōcreō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + gignō → prōgignō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + *olēs → prōlēs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + emō → prōmō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bringing into being, forth, or into the open"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-T9zDmYzd",
"links": [
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"forth",
"forth#English"
],
[
"open",
"open#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + avus → proavus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + rogō → prōrogō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + videō → prōvideō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prior, fore-"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-tLUZ62Z6",
"links": [
[
"prior",
"prior#English"
],
[
"fore-",
"fore-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "temporally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(temporally) prior, fore-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 5 33 35 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + cūrō → prōcūrō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + faciō → prōficiō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō(d)- + sum → prōsum",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"advantage"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-fbBVilza",
"links": [
[
"advantage",
"advantage#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[prɔ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pro]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈproː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "prō-"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin prō-",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin prō-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pro-"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pro",
""
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"id": "en-pro--pl-prefix-auf4TMcZ",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pro-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings"
],
"id": "en-pro--sl-prefix-a~vuAHPI",
"raw_glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + sẹ́vati (“to radiate”) → prosẹ́vati (“to shine through”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:",
"moving through"
],
"id": "en-pro--sl-prefix-dydSy9qN",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɔ-/"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pro- or pro.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"id": "en-pro--es-prefix-auf4TMcZ",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "oro-",
"word": "որո-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "*pra-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*pro-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*pra-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸro-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*fra-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "προ-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*pro-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*pra-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pro-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pro-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pró"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *pró (“toward, leading”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (before)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (fare)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"toward, forward"
],
"id": "en-pro--ine-pro-prefix-WdeIGkoM",
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "prō-"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "prú-",
"word": "𐌐𐌓𐌞-"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "pru-",
"word": "𐌐𐌓𐌖-"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "pru-",
"word": "𐌐𐌓𐌖-"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"word": "pro-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*pro-",
"id": "forward"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "towards, forwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“towards, forwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“towards, forwards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro- (see the Latin entry for further meanings)"
],
"id": "en-pro--itc-pro-prefix-gvZ1GPdB",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#Latin"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "prō"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pra-",
"word": "пра-"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "ⱂⱃⱁ-"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pro-"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "pro-"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "prů-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "prze-"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "prze-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"merged with *per-"
],
"word": "prze-"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"raw_tags": [
"merged with *per-"
],
"word": "pre-"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*pro-",
"id": "for-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*pra-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *pra-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*pra-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pra-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-. Equivalent to a prefixed form of *pro.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro-, for-"
],
"id": "en-pro--sla-pro-prefix-cj24UE~S",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-"
],
[
"for-",
"for-"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "pro"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech prefixes",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "prů-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"through"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + pít (“to drink”) → propít (“to spend sth on drinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + bulet → probulet",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + podnikat → propodnikat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + večírkovat → provečírkovat",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms a perfective verb and makes the verb transitive, the direct object is related to money or time"
],
"links": [
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"money",
"money#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + zdravit → prozdravit se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + rvát → prorvat se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + kouřit → prokouřit se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + žvanit → prožvanit se",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"+ direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#Czech"
],
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"se",
"se#Czech"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "pro- + imperfective base + se",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pro- + imperfective base + se) + direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pro ]"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "prō"
},
"expansion": "Latin prō",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin prō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish prefixes",
"Danish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Danish terms derived from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-form"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pronoun"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-sentence"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-drop"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pro",
"4": "",
"5": "in favour of, on behalf of"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ꝓ-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
56
]
],
"ref": "2017 August 29, Andrew Kaczynski, “Rep. Rohrabacher says ‘rendezvous’ being set up with Trump to relay info from WikiLeaks’ Assange on DNC hack”, in CNN:",
"text": "Rohrabacher, who is considered to be among the most pro-Russia members in Congress, met with Assange earlier this month and claims Assange told him that Russia was not involved in the hacking.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
174,
178
]
],
"ref": "2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 Apr 2023, Asia & Pacific:",
"text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
],
"links": [
[
"agreeing",
"agreeing"
],
[
"supporting",
"supporting"
],
[
"favouring",
"favouring"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:agreement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"substituting for"
],
"links": [
[
"substituting",
"substituting"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:subsitution"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "პრო-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "yper-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "υπερ-"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "p'ro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "פְּרוֹ־"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pūaroha"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pro-",
"4": "",
"5": "forward direction, forward movement"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ꝓ-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "progress compared to regress"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward movement"
],
"senseid": [
"en:forward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ante-"
},
{
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"word": "counter-"
},
{
"word": "per-"
},
{
"word": "post-"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πρό",
"4": "",
"5": "before"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ꝓ-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earlier; prior"
],
"links": [
[
"earlier",
"earlier"
],
[
"prior",
"prior"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:earlier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "prepro-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precursor (molecule)"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"precursor",
"precursor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) precursor (molecule)"
],
"senseid": [
"en:precursor"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudimentary"
],
"links": [
[
"rudimentary",
"rudimentary"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:simple"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in front of"
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:facing"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "před-"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "ur-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "przed-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pred-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "пред-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pered-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "перед-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-pro-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-pro-.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-pro-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-pro-.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-pro-.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "prō",
"t": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin prō (“in front of”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin prō (“in front of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian prefixes",
"Italian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*pro-<id:forward>",
"id": "forward",
"pos": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pro-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-. Synchronically served as the prefix counterpart to the preposition prō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pro-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "prōd-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "por-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ꝓ-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"abbreviation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "prō-"
},
"expansion": "prō-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + clīvus + -is → prōclīvis"
},
{
"text": "prōd- + eō → prōdeō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + gradior → prōgredior",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward direction, forward movement"
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + flīgō + -ō → prōflīgō"
},
{
"text": "prō- + terō → prōterō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward direction, forward movement",
"downward and forward movement"
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward#English"
],
[
"downward",
"downward#English"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + pugnō → prōpugnō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + tegō → prōtegō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"action directed forward or in front"
],
"links": [
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"front",
"front#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + *mineō → prōmineō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + pendeō → prōpendeō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prominence"
],
"links": [
[
"prominence",
"prominence#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + clāmō → prōclāmō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + loquor → prōloquor",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in place of, on behalf of"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"behalf",
"behalf#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(prefixed to verbs of utterance) in place of, on behalf of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"prefixed to verbs of utterance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + creō → prōcreō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + gignō → prōgignō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + *olēs → prōlēs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + emō → prōmō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bringing into being, forth, or into the open"
],
"links": [
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"forth",
"forth#English"
],
[
"open",
"open#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + avus → proavus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + rogō → prōrogō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + videō → prōvideō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prior, fore-"
],
"links": [
[
"prior",
"prior#English"
],
[
"fore-",
"fore-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "temporally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(temporally) prior, fore-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + cūrō → prōcūrō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + faciō → prōficiō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō(d)- + sum → prōsum",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"advantage"
],
"links": [
[
"advantage",
"advantage#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[prɔ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pro]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈproː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "prō-"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin prō-",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin prō-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pro-"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pro",
""
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish prefixes",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔ/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "oro-",
"word": "որո-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "*pra-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*pro-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*pra-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*ɸro-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*fra-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "προ-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*pro-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*pra-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pro-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pro-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pró"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *pró (“toward, leading”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European prefixes",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (fare)"
],
"glosses": [
"toward, forward"
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "prō-"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "prú-",
"word": "𐌐𐌓𐌞-"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "pru-",
"word": "𐌐𐌓𐌖-"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "pru-",
"word": "𐌐𐌓𐌖-"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"word": "pro-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*pro-",
"id": "forward"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "towards, forwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“towards, forwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“towards, forwards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "prō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic prefixes",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"pro- (see the Latin entry for further meanings)"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pra-",
"word": "пра-"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "ⱂⱃⱁ-"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "pro-",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "pro-"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "pro-"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "prů-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "prze-"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "prze-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"merged with *per-"
],
"word": "prze-"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"raw_tags": [
"merged with *per-"
],
"word": "pre-"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*pro-",
"id": "for-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*pra-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *pra-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*pra-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pra-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-. Equivalent to a prefixed form of *pro.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "pro"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic prefixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-, for-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-"
],
[
"for-",
"for-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovene lemmas",
"Slovene prefixes",
"Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pro-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + sẹ́vati (“to radiate”) → prosẹ́vati (“to shine through”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:",
"moving through"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɔ-/"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pro- or pro.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish prefixes",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"similar to"
],
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pro- meaning in All languages combined (27.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.